Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a type of diabetes that develops during pregnancy, typically in the second or third trimester. It occurs when the body is unable to produce enough insulin to regulate blood sugar levels due to hormonal changes. While gestational diabetes usually resolves after delivery, it can affect both the mother’s and baby’s health if left untreated. Fortunately, with proper care, most women with GDM go on to have healthy pregnancies and babies.
During pregnancy, the placenta produces hormones that can interfere with insulin’s ability to regulate blood sugar. In some women, the pancreas can’t keep up with the increased insulin demand, leading to gestational diabetes. Common risk factors include:
Being over age 25
Having a family history of diabetes
Being overweight or obese
Having polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
Previous pregnancy with gestational diabetes
History of delivering a baby over 9 pounds
Being of certain ethnic backgrounds (e.g., Hispanic, African American, Asian, Native American)
Even without risk factors, any pregnant woman can develop gestational diabetes.
Since these symptoms are also common in normal pregnancy, testing is the only reliable way to detect GDM. Gestational diabetes often has no noticeable symptoms, which is why routine screening is essential. However, some women may experience:
Gestational diabetes is typically diagnosed between 24 and 28 weeks of pregnancy using a glucose screening test:
Your healthcare provider may test earlier if you’re at higher risk.
The main goals of treatment are to maintain normal blood sugar levels and reduce risks to the baby. Treatment includes:
Healthy eating: A balanced diet with controlled carbohydrate intake
Regular physical activity: Light to moderate exercise helps improve insulin sensitivity
Monitoring blood sugar: Checking levels daily with a glucose meter
Medication: If lifestyle changes aren’t enough, insulin or oral medication may be prescribed
Frequent prenatal visits: To monitor the baby’s growth and amniotic fluid levels
Most women can manage gestational diabetes without medication, but close monitoring is essential.
Gestational diabetes can be safely managed with early diagnosis, healthy habits, and ongoing medical support. At Advanced Women’s Care, we work closely with you to monitor your health and support your pregnancy every step of the way. With expert guidance, you can reduce complications and enjoy a healthy delivery for both you and your baby.
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