Endometriosis

Endometriosis is a common yet often misunderstood condition that affects millions of women worldwide. It occurs when tissue similar to the lining of the uterus (called the endometrium) grows outside the uterus, leading to inflammation, pain, and other potential complications. While endometriosis is most often associated with severe pelvic pain and infertility, many women are unaware that they have it until they experience difficulties with their menstrual cycle or fertility. In this guide, we’ll explain what endometriosis is, the common symptoms, how it is diagnosed, and the available treatment options to help you manage the condition.

Endometriosis is a chronic condition where tissue resembling the uterine lining grows outside the uterus. This tissue can be found on the ovaries, fallopian tubes, the outer surface of the uterus, and other organs in the pelvic region. During each menstrual cycle, this tissue responds to hormonal changes, thickening, breaking down, and bleeding, just like the endometrial tissue inside the uterus. However, since the tissue outside the uterus has no way to exit the body, it becomes trapped, leading to inflammation, scarring, and the formation of adhesions (bands of fibrous tissue).

Diagnosis

If you suspect you have endometriosis, it’s important to see a healthcare provider for a proper diagnosis. There is no single test to diagnose endometriosis, but your doctor may use several methods to confirm the condition:

Pelvic Exam: During a pelvic exam, your doctor may manually feel for cysts or abnormal growths in your pelvic area, although this test is not always definitive for diagnosing endometriosis.
Ultrasound: An ultrasound may be used to identify cysts associated with endometriosis, such as endometriomas (cysts filled with old blood). However, ultrasound cannot detect all cases of endometriosis.
Laparoscopy: The most definitive way to diagnose endometriosis is through a laparoscopic surgery, which involves making small incisions in the abdomen and inserting a camera to directly visualize endometrial-like tissue outside the uterus. During this procedure, tissue samples may also be taken for biopsy.

Treatments

There is no cure for endometriosis, but several treatment options can help manage the symptoms and improve quality of life. Treatment plans depend on the severity of the condition, the symptoms, and whether you wish to preserve fertility.

Pain Management: Over-the-counter pain relievers such as ibuprofen or naproxen can help manage mild to moderate pain. For more severe pain, your doctor may recommend prescription pain medication or stronger anti-inflammatory drugs.
Hormonal Therapy: Hormonal treatments can help reduce the growth of endometrial tissue by regulating or suppressing estrogen, which stimulates the growth of endometrial-like tissue. Options include:
- Birth control pills, patches, or rings: These methods can help regulate periods and reduce pain.
- Progestin therapy: Progestin-only treatments, such as implants or IUDs, can help stop periods and prevent the growth of endometrial tissue.
- GnRH agonists and antagonists: These drugs temporarily stop ovarian hormone production, putting you into a temporary menopause-like state to reduce endometriosis symptoms.
Surgery: For women who have severe endometriosis or who wish to become pregnant, surgery may be necessary to remove the endometrial-like tissue. In some cases, this can improve fertility. Laparoscopy is the most common surgical approach to remove or destroy endometrial tissue.
Fertility Treatment: If endometriosis is affecting your ability to get pregnant, fertility treatments such as in vitro fertilization (IVF) may be an option. In some cases, surgical treatment of endometriosis can improve the chances of conception.
Lifestyle Changes: Managing stress, maintaining a healthy diet, exercising regularly, and practicing relaxation techniques can help manage symptoms. Some women find relief from symptoms by using complementary therapies, such as acupuncture, although these should be discussed with a healthcare provider.

Coping With Endometriosis

Endometriosis can be challenging both physically and emotionally. Coping with the chronic pain and fertility issues that often accompany endometriosis requires support. Consider these strategies:

Join a Support Group: Connecting with other women who have endometriosis can provide emotional support and helpful advice.
Mental Health Care: Coping with the stress and emotional impact of endometriosis may require professional help. Speaking with a counselor or therapist can help you manage anxiety or depression related to the condition.

Take control of your health

with Advanced Women's Care

Endometriosis is a chronic condition, but with the right treatment and lifestyle changes, you can manage symptoms and live a fulfilling life. If you think you may have endometriosis, consult a healthcare provider who can help you navigate the diagnosis and treatment process. By staying informed, advocating for your health, and working with your doctor, you can take steps to reduce the impact of endometriosis on your life. For more information about endometriosis or to speak with a specialist, schedule a consultation with one of our healthcare providers today!